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The DSC-F88 is one of Sony's newest compact digicams. It features a 5 megapixel CCD, 3x optical zoom, and 300 degree rotating lens. The optical system is the same vertical design as seen in the DSC-T1. The F88 features exposure modes from fully automatic to manual control. In addition, it offers a Program mode, 10 Scene modes, and a Movie mode that shoots unlimited video at 640x480 at 16 fps. In our review, we will test the camera to see where it stands with regard to performance.

Sony DSC-F88 Specifications

Sony DSC-F88
Release Date	July 2004
Price	~$380 - 450
Pixel Count	5.1 Million
Camera Type	Compact
Highest Resolution	2592x1944
Lower Resolutions	2592x1728 (3:2), 2048x1536, 1280x960, 640x480
Sensor Type	CCD
Sensor Size	1/2.4"
LCD Screen Size	1.8"
Optical Zoom	3x; 38 - 114mm equivalent
Focus Range	19.7" - Infinity
Macro	3.1" Standard; 0.4" Magnifying glass mode
Digital Zoom	4x
Lens Accessories	Yes
Auto Focus	Yes
Auto Focus Type	TTL
Manual Focus	Yes, 6 positions
Aperture Range	W: f3.5 - 8.0; T: f4.2 - 9.0
Shutter Speeds	30 - 1/1000th sec.
ISO	Auto, 100, 200, 400
Flash	Built-in
Flash Range	W: 0.5 - 7.2'; T: 0.8 - 6.6'
Flash Compensation	High, Normal, Low
Exposure Compensation	+/- 2 stops in 1/3 increments
White Balance	Auto, Daylight, Cloudy, Fluorescent, Incandescent
Bracketing	No
Metering	Multi-pattern, Spot
Color Space	RGB
Aperture Priority	No
Shutter Priority	No
Manual Exposure	Yes
Continuous Drive	No
Self-Timer	Yes, 10 sec.
Storage Method	Memory Stick/Pro
Storage Included	32MB Memory Stick
Compressed Format	JPG
Uncompressed Format	None
Quality Settings	Standard, Fine
Video clips	640x480 (16 fps), 160x112 (8 fps), w/sound, MPEG VX, unlimited duration
Battery Type	NP-FR1 Rechargeable
Charger Included	Yes
PC Interface	USB 2.0
TV-out	Yes
Tripod Mount	Yes, metal
Weight (w/battery and card)	5.7 oz.
Dimensions	97.8 x 74.4 x 25.6 mm

Included in the Box

Sony DSC-F88 Camera NP-FR1 Rechargeable 32MB Memory Stick A/V cable USB cable Wrist strap Instruction manual Software CD

The Design: Sony DSC-F88

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The front of the Sony DSC-F88 features a 300 degree rotating head with a Carl Zeiss lens capable of a 3x optical zoom (38 - 114mm 35mm equivalent). The F88 features the same type of internal optical system as the DSC-T1. Because this system operates inside the camera, there is no visible lens extension. The lens has an aperture range of f3.5 - 8.0 in wide angle and f4.2 - 9.0 at telephoto. It has a shutter speed range of 30 - 1/1000^th sec. Above the lens is the viewfinder window and the Self-timer/AF-assist lamp. To the left is the built-in flash with a working range of 0.5 - 7.2 ft. at wide angle and 0.8 - 6.6 ft at telephoto. On the front, there is also a microphone. We found the camera to be surprisingly comfortable to hold by using the grip bar (on the left).

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The back of the F88 features a 1.8" LCD screen with 134,000 pixels. The other side of the rotating head features the viewfinder window and three indicator lamps. The top lamp functions as a self-timer/activity indicator. The middle lamp indicates AE/AF lock, while the bottom lamp indicates Flash/Battery Charge status. To the right of the LCD monitor is a 4-way controller with a separate button in the middle. While in the menu, these buttons serve to select different functions. In shooting mode, each directional button corresponds to a shooting option. The up arrow controls the behavior of the flash from Auto, On, Slow-sync, and Off. The right arrow button toggles macro mode on or off. The down arrow button turns the self-timer on or off. Finally, the left arrow button brings up a review of the last image taken. There are three more function buttons positioned in an "L" shape around the arrow keys. They are a Display button (which changes the LCD information/turns of the LCD), a Menu button, and an Image Size/Delete button. The last control on the back of the F88 is the zoom controller, which operates both the optical zoom of the camera in record mode and the magnification of an image in playback mode. The final thing to mention is the wrist strap post on the bottom right of the camera.

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From the top of the camera, you can see the shutter button on the right side. You can also see the grip on the back of the rotating head that helps to open the lens.

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The two main things to see on the bottom of the camera are the "Multi connector" and the metal tripod mount. The Multi connector can be used with the supplied A/V cable and USB cable. We should point out that the F88 is USB 2.0, which means high transfer speeds. The Multi connector can also be used with the optional Cyber-shot Station, which can be used to transfer images and video to your computer, charge the battery, and display images on a TV. A remote controller is also included with the dock.

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The right side of the camera is where you can rotate the mode dial to switch between different shooting modes, playback mode, and setup mode. While rotating the mode dial, an animation is displayed on the LCD screen. This allows you to change modes without actually looking at the dial. The camera can be turned on by simply rotating the lens from its closed position or by pressing the power button located in the center of the mode dial. The power indicator lamp (above the mode dial) lights up when the camera is powered on. Below the mode dial is the sliding spring-action door that reveals both the battery compartment and Memory Stick slot. The battery is a rechargeable InfoLITHIUM NP-FR1 3.6V, which can be recharged in the camera with the included power cable. The F88 comes with a 32MB Memory Stick, but you will most likely want to upgrade to a larger capacity card to hold more images.

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The left side of the camera has a DC port for the included power cable. The battery is charged in the camera.

Overall, we found the DSC-F88 to handle well with an intuitive design and layout. Because the camera is mostly metal, it has a solid and robust feel to it. Also, despite its relatively small size, it is well-balanced and comfortable in our hand.

Recording Features

The DSC-F88 records images as JPG files with quality settings Fine or Standard. The resolution options are below:

Setting	Resolution (pixels)
5M	2592x1944
3:2	2592x1728
3M	2048x1536
1M	1280x960
VGA (E-Mail)	640x480

The DSC-F88 can be powered on by simply rotating the lens from its closed position or by pressing the power button (in the center of the mode dial). Because the lens does not need to extend outside the body, the startup time is very fast. The LCD displays various amounts of information, which can be toggled by pressing the "Display" button.

Basic

Detailed

Detailed w/live histogram

In all image recording modes, the F88 has three main drive modes: Normal, Burst, and Multi Burst. With Normal selected, the camera takes one picture at a time. With Burst selected, the camera will take up to 9 pictures as long as the shutter button is held down. The images are taken at a rate of approximately 1 fps. When the shutter button is pressed in Multi Burst mode, the camera takes 16 images in a row at 1280x960 with a selectable interval. The interval options are 1/7.5", 1/15", or 1/30".

Focus modes
Multi focus, locked	Spot focus, locked

The F88 offers two focusing modes along with five fixed focal lengths for situations where auto focus may prove difficult. In Multi focus mode, the camera selects from 5 focus points automatically. With Spot focus, the camera uses the center AF point, allowing you to half-press the shutter button and recompose the shot for more control. The DSC-F88 offers 5 fixed focal lengths from which to choose as an alternative to auto focus. These can be used when the auto focus system has trouble focusing on the subject desired. The options are 0.5m, 1.0m, 3.0m, 7.0m, and Infinity.

Metering modes
Multi metering	Spot metering

When it comes to metering, the F88 offers two options: Multi or Spot. With Multi metering selected, the camera measures the light in several portions of the frame to determine the best exposure. With Spot metering, the camera uses a very small portion of the center of the frame to determine the exposure.

For white balance, the F88 does not offer a manual setting. Instead, the options are preset: Auto, Daylight, Cloudy, Fluorescent, and Incandescent. The camera also offers the following ISO settings: Auto, 100, 200, 400. There are several in-camera effects to alter images as well. There is a picture effects menu that offers Sepia or B&W. In addition, you can change the Saturation, Contrast, and Sharpness with options "+", Normal, or " - ". The F88 offers exposure compensation up to +/- 2 stops in 1/3 increments. The flash level is adjustable as well, but only by "+" or " - ".

The DSC-F88 offers five main recording modes: Auto, Program, Manual, Scene, and Movie. In Auto mode, the camera determines almost all of the shooting settings, giving the user only a few options, including: Image mode (Normal, Burst, or Multi Burst), Flash mode (Auto, On, Slow-sync, Off), Macro (On/Off), Self-timer (On/Off), and Image Size. In Program mode, the camera chooses the f-stop and shutter speed automatically for an appropriate exposure. However, the user has access to all of the menu options described above. In Manual mode, the user can control the f-stop and shutter speed by first pressing the button in the middle of the arrow keys. Then, the up/down arrows control the shutter speed while the left/right arrows control the aperture setting. The recommended exposure is indicated as an EV (exposure value) next to the current shutter speed and aperture value. For example, if you set the camera to a shutter speed that is too fast to obtain a correct exposure, it might read "-1.0EV" next to the current setting.

Scene mode is comprised of the following 10 selectable presets: Magnifying glass, Twilight, Twilight portrait, Landscape, Soft snap, Snow, Beach, High-speed shutter, Fireworks, and Candle. These modes can be selected by using the Menu button when the mode dial is set to Scene. Magnifying glass mode allows you to focus as close as 1 cm to the subject and is an alternative to the standard Macro mode. The optical zoom is fixed at wide angle. Twilight mode sets the camera to use a slow shutter speed to allow enough ambient light in to expose the scene. Twilight portrait mode uses a slow sync flash to illuminate the subject. The shutter stays open after the flash fires to allow ambient light to fill in the rest of the scene, creating a natural-looking night image. Landscape mode sets the camera's focus to infinity for distant subjects. Soft snap mode is similar to Portrait mode on other cameras. It creates a small depth of field, which causes the subject to stand out in the image. Snow mode compensates for exposure systems' tendency to underexpose mostly white scenes. Beach mode is designed to saturate the colors to provide colorful beach images. High-speed shutter mode is similar to the Sports mode on other cameras. It uses a fast shutter to capture fast moving subjects. Fireworks mode uses a slow shutter and sets the focus to infinity. Candlelight mode disables the flash and uses a slow shutter speed to capture dimly lit situations.

Movie Mode

Movie mode on the DSC-F88 records unlimited video with sound as MPEG files. Pressing the Image Size/Delete button allows you to choose from either 640x480 at 16 fps or 160x112 at 8 fps. The Menu button also provides the following options:

Movie mode menu
Exposure Compensation	+/- 2 stops in 1/3 increments
Focus	Multi AF, Center AF, 0.5m, 1.0m, 3.0m, 7.0m, Infinity
Metering Mode	Multi, Spot
White balance	Auto, Daylight, Cloudy, Fluorescent, Incandescent
Picture Effect	Off, Sepia, B&W

The Self-timer and Macro are also available via the arrow buttons. Optical zoom is not possible during recording; however, the zoom can be set before recording begins. We will take a closer look at the F88's movie capabilities on the General Image Quality section of this article.

The final position on the mode dial is "Set Up". In Set Up mode, several menus are available with options to change camera functions. The options are listed below:

Set Up menu (Camera)
AF Mode	Single, Monitor
Digital Zoom	Smart, Precision, Off
Date/Time	Day&Time, Date, Off
Red Eye Reduction	On, Off
AF Illuminator	Auto, Off
Auto Review	On, Off

Set Up menu (Memory Stick Tool)
Format	OK, Cancel
Create REC Folder	OK, Cancel
Change REC Folder	OK, Cancel

Set Up menu (Setup 1)
LCD Backlight	Bright, Normal, Dark
Beep	Shutter, On, Off
Language	Italian, French, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, English

Set Up menu (Setup 2)
File Number	Series, Reset
USB Connect	PictBridge, PTP, Normal
Video Out	NTSC, PAL
Clock Set	OK, Cancel

Overall, the DSC-F88 is very straightforward when it comes to taking pictures. We are happy to see an AF-assist lamp on this camera. It helps out tremendously in achieving focus in low-light scenes. Given that this camera has a fully manual mode, we are somewhat disappointed that aperture priority and shutter priority are not included as options as well. Usually all three modes are seen together as "advanced exposure" controls. All-in-all, we feel that the DSC-F88 offers a pretty good array of recording options from fully automatic shooting to manual exposure. Also, the Scene modes are convenient presets for specific situations.

Playback Features

While in Record mode, you may quickly view the most recent picture taken by pressing the left arrow button. While you cannot scroll through other images in this mode, you are able to magnify and delete the most recent image. Also, in quick-review mode a half-press of the shutter button will return the camera to record mode. In order to enter Playback mode, the mode dial must be set to Playback. Then, you can either press the power button in the center of the mode dial or flip the rotating lens up from its closed position to turn on the camera. In Playback mode, pressing the left/right arrow keys scrolls through previously taken pictures. You are able to magnify images up to 5x by using the zoom controller. To fit the image back to the screen in one step, you can simply press the button in the middle of the arrow keys. To delete images on the F88, you can simply press the Image size/Delete button when you are viewing an image that you would like to erase. To delete multiple images, you must enter thumbnail mode by pressing the zoom out control. You are then able to select groups of pictures to erase. Pressing the Display button changes the amount of information visible on the screen. The cycle is as follows: Basic info., Detailed info., No info., LCD off.

Basic info.

Detailed info.

No info.

Image magnified 5.0x

The Menu button displays several options listed below:

Playback Menu
Folder	Select folder
Protect	Select images
DPOF	Select images
Print	This image, DPOF image, Cancel
Slide Show	Interval, Image, Repeat, Cancel, Start
Resize	5M, 3M, 1M, VGA, Cancel
Rotate	OK, Cancel
Divide (movie)	(set dividing point)

Edit movie screen

The F88 has the ability to edit movies using the "Divide" option in the Playback menu. This simply sets a point where the camera will divide the clip into two separate movies. More and more cameras seem to be incorporating a function like this and we think it's a great idea. It really comes in handy if you have a bunch of dead space in a clip that is just taking up precious space on your Memory Stick. Playback mode on the DSC-F88 manages to incorporate all the standard playback features while remaining simple and intuitive.

Battery Performance

Our general method for battery testing is to reset the camera to its default settings and change the recording mode to the highest quality option. Then, we take 5 pictures without the flash and 2 pictures with the flash until the battery is dead. For more information on our battery test, please refer to our Testing Procedures page. The NP-FR1 (supplied with the camera) was fully drained before charging for the test.

Number of shots taken in one battery charge

1,480

The DSC-F88 showed very impressive battery life in our test. At 1,480 shots on one charge, you should be able to shoot for a long time before recharging. As with all cameras, the actual number of shots per battery cycle will vary depending on several factors such as shooting frequency, flash usage, AF-assist use, etc.

The Timing Tests

* NOTE: For all of our time tests, we reset the camera to its factory default settings and used the highest resolution and quality setting. The camera was set to Auto mode. A 256MB Sony Memory Stick Pro was used.

Before reading our results, please refer to our Testing Procedures page.

Startup Time

The startup time is recorded from the moment that the power button is pushed to the moment the shutter sounds. The F88 was set to record in Auto mode. All camera sounds were disabled for this test.

Startup time (seconds)

1.73

Because there is no protrusion of the lens, the camera is able to shoot its first image after just 1.73 sec. This is an incredible time for a compact digicam.

Shutter Lag

To record shutter lag, we perform two tests. For the first test, we pre-focus the lens and measure the amount of time it takes the camera to take a picture after the shutter button is pressed. The second test measures the time it takes for the camera to take a picture after we press the shutter button without pre-focusing. Each test is performed 3 times and the results are averaged. For more information regarding our testing procedures, please refer to our Testing Procedures page.

With Pre-focus (seconds)	Without Pre-focus (seconds)
.08	.41

We were very impressed with the F88's shutter lag times. When we pre-focused the camera, it took just 0.08 sec. to take a picture after fully pressing the shutter button. Without focusing the camera first, the F88 had a lag time of just 0.41 sec. This is a very fast time for a compact digicam. In short, shutter lag is not a concern on the F88.

Write Times

We recorded 4 different write times with a 256MB Sony Memory Stick Pro: Single Shot, Shot to Shot, Shot to Shot w/Flash, and Shot to Shot w/Buffer Full (to next burst).

Single Shot - The time it takes for a single picture to be completely written to the flash card (the time the "activity light" is on).
Shot To Shot (STS) - The time until the second shot is able to be taken after the first (shutter to shutter).
Shot To Shot w/Flash - The time it takes for the camera to take two pictures with the flash starting from the moment the first flash is fired to the moment the second is fired.
Shot To Shot w/Buffer Full (to next burst) - The time between taking the last shot of a 9-shot burst to the moment the first frame of the next burst is taken.

We set the camera to the highest resolution and quality setting and ran 4 tests. We performed each test three times and averaged the results.

2592x1944, Fine, Avg. file size = 2.1 MB
Single Shot	Shot To Shot	Shot To Shot w/Flash	Shot to Shot w/Buffer Full (to next burst)
0.81	1.46	6.92	8.25

The F88 is able to write a single image at the highest resolution and quality in 0.81 sec. The Shot to Shot time is very fast at 1.46 sec., while the Shot to Shot w/Flash time is considerably slower, at nearly 7 seconds. Burst mode on the F88 is capable of taking 9 frames at the rate of approximately 1 fps before filling the internal buffer. It takes the camera 8.25 seconds to clear the buffer for the next burst. Overall, we were impressed with the F88's write times. Considering that it is such a small camera, we were surprised by its 9 image buffer size. The only downside is the slow flash-recycle time.

Resolving Fine Lines

For our resolution test, we reset the camera to its default settings and then used the highest resolution and quality setting. The camera was then set to +1.0 E.V. For more information, refer to our Testing Procedures page. Below are 200% crops of the test. Click on a crop to see the full chart.

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The DSC-F88 showed impressive line resolution in our test. We found line detail out to 13 on both the horizontal and vertical crops above with extinction occurring around 15. Overall, this is a pretty good performance for such a compact 5 megapixel camera.

Color Reproduction

* For all of our color tests, we reset the DSC-F88 to its factory default settings. It was then set to record using the highest resolution image option in Auto mode.

Incandescent WB

Auto WB	Incandescent WB
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Reference Chart ("actual colors")

Auto WB	Incandescent WB

Our WB test under tungsten lighting shows that the F88 produces a yellowish cast when set to Auto WB. When we used the Incandescent setting, the color reproduction was much more accurate. However, we still noticed a slight yellowish cast.

Daylight WB

Auto WB	Daylight WB
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Reference Chart ("actual colors")

Auto WB	Daylight WB

Under sunlight, there is no noticeable difference between the Auto and Daylight WB settings. Both produce very accurate colors. Overall, we are pleased with the F88's color reproduction abilities. The Auto WB setting performed much better in the sun than under tungsten lights.

Studio Shot

In this shot, we tested the camera's ability to reproduce colors in our studio shot using different WB settings. The camera was set to Auto without the flash.

Auto WB	Incandescent WB
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This comparison clearly shows the difference between the Auto and Incandescent settings on the camera. With Auto selected, the image has a very noticeable yellowish cast. When the camera is set to Incandescent WB, the colors become much more accurate. However, there is a still a slight yellowish cast.

Built-in Flash

For the flash test, we set the camera to full Auto mode. The picture was taken from 5 feet away.

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The DSC-F88 performed pretty well in our flash test. We noticed a slight bluish cast over the image, but the skin tone still looks natural.

Noise

The noise test consists of pictures of our studio shot taken at increasing ISO levels to show the effect on the image. The pictures were taken after resetting the camera to its factory default settings. It was then set to record with the highest quality option, with Incandescent WB in Auto mode. The flash was off. Click on a 100% crop below to view the full-size image.

ISO 100	Click to enlarge.
ISO 200	Click to enlarge.
ISO 400	Click to enlarge.

The difference between each of these ISO settings is more subtle than expected. At ISO 100, the image has very little noise. When set to ISO 200, there is some addition of noise and loss of detail. At ISO 400, the noise is more prominent. However, we feel that at ISO 400, the image still retains enough detail to be usable.

General Image Quality

For these pictures, the camera was reset to its factory default setting. Then, it was set to its highest quality recording setting. The pictures were then taken in Auto mode. Click on a thumbnail to view the full-size image. The crops below the thumbnails are 100%.

Auto Mode

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The F88 is capable of capturing a good amount of detail. This image also proves that chromatic aberration is not a problem on this camera.	This image also shows the level of detail that the F88 can capture. The camera does a good job retaining detail against the bright sky. We should point out that the image appears to become blurry towards the lower left and right edges.

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There is a pretty good level of detail here. Again, we are concerned about the blurriness of the left edge of the frame (with the signs, etc.). It appears that the objects in the frame become blurrier as they get closer to the edge.	Here, we can see the camera captured detail in the bright sky as well as in the shadowed subjects in the crop. We should also point out the noticeably higher noise level of this image. The slight blurring occurs in this image as well. It is more on the left side than the right.

Overall, we thought that the image quality of the DSC-F88 was pretty good despite the blur issue. There was a decent level of detail in all of the shots that we took. Also, we did not have a problem with chromatic aberrations whatsoever in any of our test images. Although we saw a tendency for the images to blur a bit around the left and right edges, the overall quality of the images was impressive.

Scene Modes

For these pictures, we took some images using the DSC-F88's Scene mode.

High-speed Shutter	Candlelight
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In High-speed shutter mode, we can see that the F88 is able to stop motion very well. However, notice the high level of noise throughout the image.	We were impressed with the low level of noise in this 0.6 sec. image taken in Candlelight mode. The image was taken with a tripod. The source of light was a 75W lamp w/shade approx. 5 ft from the subject.

Twilight	Magnifying Glass
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In this 2-second exposure taken in Twilight mode, noise was kept to a minimum except in areas of the dark sky and roof (which were not lit).	In this image taken with the Magnifying Glass Scene mode, the F88 is able to capture incredible detail at a distance of 1 cm from the subject.

With the Scene modes, the DSC-F88 offers several options for creative picture taking. We were pleased with the noise reduction capabilities of this camera in Candlelight and Twilight mode. Add to that the super macro of Magnifying Glass mode, and we are impressed with the versatility of the DSC-F88.

DSC-F88 - Movie Mode

(640x480, 16 fps)
Click to view.

Movie mode on the DSC-F88 isn't anything too impressive. The video is a bit choppy at 16 fps and the image quality is pretty fuzzy. However, it is nice to have the option to record for an unlimited duration. If the video mode offered a higher frame rate, it would be exceptional.

Final Words

The Sony DSC-F88 offers quite a bit to its users. It has a sleek and solid metallic design with a lens that can rotate up to 300 degrees. With its 3x optical zoom and 5MP image size, it proves to be a versatile and powerful little camera. The exposure modes range from Auto to Manual with several Scene modes for specific situations. The camera also has an AF-assist lamp and live histogram.

During our review, we discovered several strengths of the DSC-F88. We found it to have pretty good line resolution for a 5MP compact camera. It also proved itself to be very fast both in startup and shot-to-shot times. The battery life on this camera is incredible for a compact camera. Overall, we were impressed with the F88's color reproduction as well. Like most current digicams, the F88 showed a slight yellowish cast when set to Auto WB in Tungsten lighting. However, when set to Incandescent, the color was pretty accurate. In our daylight WB samples, the F88 showed very accurate color reproduction. This camera showed very impressive noise control in low-light/long exposure scenarios. We also found the camera to have fairly intuitive menu layout.

Like most cameras, there are some things to complain about as well. With respect to image quality, we are concerned with a slight blurring that occurred towards the edges of some of our sample pictures. Although it was not extreme, it is something to be aware of. The F88 also had a slow shot-to-shot w/flash time of ~7 seconds. It's a shame how long it takes the flash to recycle, considering the general speediness of this camera. Also, the camera offers a fully manual mode, but no aperture or shutter priority modes. A few other things that might concern some users are the lack of a manual WB, the relatively short flash range, and the "so-so" movie mode. In the end, it really comes down to your own preferences for a digicam. We think that the DSC-F88 offers a pretty good performance in a stylish compact body.

Pros	Cons
Good line resolution Decent color reproduction Fast Startup Time Fast Shot to Shot time Great battery life Live histogram AF-assist lamp Effective noise reduction In-camera movie splicing Intuitive menus	Occasional blurring towards edges Slow Shot to Shot w/Flash Time No Aperture or Shutter priority mode No manual WB Short flash range Mediocre movie mode

Thanks again to Newegg.com for loaning us the Sony DSC-F88 to be reviewed.